Imperialism- More Problems Than Benefits Essays

Imperialism- More Problems Than Benefits Essays Imperialism- More Problems Than Benefits Essay Imperialism- More Problems Than Benefits Essay Imperialism resulted in more problems than benefits In cases throughout the beginning of the 20th century, Imperialism has proven to result in dominantly more problems than benefits. Imperialism essentially describes the acquisition, administration and exploitation of an area of land and its youthful resources for the benefit of the power/s that control it. Usually the dominance of powerful empires using other countries for their productions ended in disaster and death.They tried to benefit from the gains of imperialism, taking over a country or territory with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people in the nation. Throughout the age of Imperialism; 1850-1914, the superior powers (empires) used the act of Imperialism to justify their motives. The causes of this were numbered, starting with the industrial revolution; that called for a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States. The resources would have had to come from Africa and Asia as their colonies were seen as barbaric and easily overtaken.There was economic competition between the European nations, for new markets to sell their goods. There was also a strong need for European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness. There was particularly an increase in racism, as the superior powers were more technologically advanced and believed that their race’ was superior to others, fuelling the rise in racism. The many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right dominate the several people and colonies of Asia and Africa.Following the path of Social Darwinism; the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others and because of this, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations and to Christianise their people, civilising them and westernising’ them. Although through all the dominance of the early 20th century, there were some benefits to Imperialism. The local warfare in the imperialised colonies was reduced; there was an improvement in sanitation and a production of hospitals that led to increased lifespan.New schools also led to an increase in literacy and an overall picture of economic growth. Local government officials were used and there was a goal to develop future leaders and government institutions that were based on European styles with local rules. Despite the new prosperity of all the new facilities, the problems of Imperialism showed to outweigh the benefits significantly. There was a loss homeland and independence and cultural recognition, men were forced to work in European owned mines and farms and there was distain for traditional culture and admiration of the European culture which led to identity problems throughout.Europeans started to divide up Africa with artificial boundaries and separated kinship groups and united rivals. There was a direct control from the Europeans over the local colonies, foreign officials were brought in to rule over them, and there was no self-ruling. The goal’ was assimilation; where the minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture. The government institutions were only based on European styles and people governed in a fatherly way where their needs were provided for but they weren’t given any rights.As it’s shown, the problems of Imperialism were much more evident than the benefits as it often resulted in disaster and death of another culture and its people. An example of Imperialism that showed nothing but death and disaster is the Belgium Congo and the rubber trade that King Leopold of Belgium tried to gain profit of. Although Ivory was the first crop from the Congo, the invention of the tyre by the Dunlop Rubber Company in 1890 led to forming the foundation of the horrific exploitation of the people in the Congo.The invention set of a bicycling craze which coincided with the motor car invention in Europe and prompted an Imperialistic act upon the rubber trees found in the Congo as the raw material was needed more than ever and factories couldn’t get enough of it. When King Leopold overpowered the Congo, in need for the rubber trade, workers of the inferior colonies were set to go through forests, having often to climb trees to get to the vines which had to be slit for the rubber sap to bleed. The gatherers had to dry the sa p/syrup so it coagulated and it formed a rubber.The process was done by the workers having to spread the rubber onto their bodies, despite it being very painful when the rubber was pulled off. The men had to walk over 30 kilometres carrying heavy baskets of rubber on their heads, of which was then weighed by European agents at their houses. The working men weren’t even paid in money or supplies, only by cloth, beads or salt. A horrific price to pay for rubber, if there was any suggestion of resistance by the Congolese they were treated with force and severity.The policy of cutting off hands and feet were used, as punishment and nor woman nor children were spared. Often if the men refused anything, their children would have their hand cut off. These also prompted diseases brought from the Europeans, including the foreign case of smallpox. The human cost of the Belgium Congo was overwhelming, within the 40 years of his occupation there, King Leopold II killed approximately 10 0 00 000 Congolese, more than the Jewish holocaust in World War II.Imperialism, was evidently the source of many deaths in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and resulted in the destruction of many cultural lands and practices, prompting grief and severe suffrage among colonies. Through fear and power, the dominance of empires brought only destruction through Imperialism. The problems that were caused, were too much to solve, they overshone the benefits and proved that Imperialism caused more problems than benefits.

Virginia During the Civil War

Virginia During the Civil War The Confederate States of America (CSA) was founded in February 1861. The actual Civil War began on April 12, 1861. Just five days later,  Virginia became the eighth state to secede from the Union.   The decision to secede was anything but unanimous and resulted in the formation of West Virginia on November 26, 1861. This new border state did not secede from the Union.  West Virginia is the sole state that was formed by seceding from a Confederate state. Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution provides that a new state cannot be formed within a state without that state’s consent. However, with Virginias secession this was not enforced. Virginia had the largest population in the South and its  storied history played an enormous role in the founding of the U.S. It was the  birthplace and home of Presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.  In May 1861, Richmond, Virginia became the capital city of the CSA because it had the natural resources that Confederate government so badly needed to effectively wage a war against the Union.  Although the city of Richmond is situated only a mere 100 miles from the U.S. capital in Washington, D.C., it  was a large industrial city. Richmond was also the home to Tredegar Iron Works, one of the largest foundries in U.S. prior to the onset of the Civil War.  During the war, Tredegar produced over 1000 canons for the Confederacy as well as armor plating for warships.  In addition to this, Richmond’s industry produced a number of different war materials such as ammunition, guns and swords as well as supplied uniforms, tents and leather goods to the Confederat e Army. Battles in Virginia The majority of the battles in the Civil War’s Eastern Theater took place in Virginia, mainly due to the need to protect Richmond from being captured by Union forces. These battles include the Battle of Bull Run, which is also known as the First Manassas. This  was the first major battle of the Civil War fought on July 21, 1861 and also a major Confederate victory. On August 28, 1862, the Second Battle of Bull Run began. It lasted for three days with over a combined 100,000 soldiers on the battlefield.   This battle also ended with a Confederate victory. Hampton Roads, Virginia was also the site of the first naval battle between ironclad warships. The USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia fought to a draw in March 1862.  Other major land battles that occurred in Virginia include Shenandoah Valley, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. On April 3, 1865, the Confederate forces and government evacuated their capital at Richmond and troops were ordered to burn all of the industrial warehouses and businesses that would be of any value to Union forces. Tredegar Irons Works was one of a few businesses that survived the burning of Richmond, because its  owner had it protected through the use of armed guards.  The advancing Union Army began to quickly extinguish the fires, saving most of the residential areas from destruction. The business district didn’t fare as well with some estimating at least twenty-five percent of the businesses suffering a total loss.  Unlike General Sherman’s destruction of the South during his March to the Sea,  it was the Confederates themselves who destroyed the city of Richmond. On April 9, 1865, the Battle of Appomattox Court House proved to be the last significant battle of the Civil Was as well as the final battle for General Robert E. Lee. He would officially surrender there to Union General Ulysses S. Grant on  April 12, 1865.   The war in Virginia was finally over.

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY Essay

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS AFTER TRAUMATIC INJURY - Essay Example This article aimed at investigating the history and tendency of PTSD after traumatic injury. The research stated null hypothesis as: Ho= â€Å"patients who develop PTSD after traumatic  brain injury would suffer the symptoms of trauma† where as the alternative hypothesis stated: Ha= â€Å"patients who develop PTSD after traumatic brain injury would not suffer from the symptoms of trauma†. Traumatic injury is taken as independent variable whereas post traumatic disorder is studied as dependent variable. Sampling procedure employed to gather data is probability sampling in which structured interview of the patients suffering form traumatic disorder were conducted. A sample of 96  patients was included in the study. The mean value  for posttraumatic amnesia was 36.97 days (SD=30.65) as established by use of â€Å"Westmead Posttraumatic Amnesia Scale†. The mean â€Å"Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)†Ã‚  score  was 8.00 (SD=3.78). Mean posttraumatic amnesia and GCS  scores indicated that the average level of traumatic brain injury  was very severe. The 96 patients who participated in the 6-month assessment had (mean=8.00,  SD=3.78) (t=2.96, df=124, p

Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders Undergoing Surgery Article

Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders Undergoing Surgery - Article Example It was not a life-saving technique. DNR orders are interventions which are meant to extend the life of the patient; these are not interventions which are meant to lend her comfort from her symptoms (Blankenship, 2008). The patient’s words also indicate that she is allowing other interventions which are meant to save her life. At this point, the DNR is revoked (Schwab and Gelfman, 2005). The daughter cannot expect the DNR order or the living will be applied anymore because the patient herself is still mentally competent enough to revoke it. The daughter is also not the legally authorized proxy who can make the decisions for the patient. Proxies are usually assigned where patients are unconscious or mentally incapacitated to make sound decisions about their health (Schwab and Gelfman, 2005). In this case, the patient is conscious and is able to express her wishes coherently, logically, and with a sound mind. The patient has the right to authorize a DNR order and also to revoke it. Under these conditions, such right cannot be transferred to the family members, in this case, her daughter. The nurse must, therefore, follow the patient’s orders (Newkirk, 2009). The nurse and the physician must also honor the patient’s right to self-determination by upholding the DNR order unless and until the patient revokes it. The patient still has the proper faculties to make decisions regarding her care. Nevertheless, it is still part of the nurse’s duty to clarify the patient’s request, discussing what she wants to be done and mentioning if she means to revoke her previous DNR orders (Newkirk, 2009). Whatever measures which the patient has chosen must then be respected and implemented. Under acute conditions, other health professionals would be in the room to assist in the patient’s care and they can also support the fact that the patient has revoked her previous DNR o rder.  

Selection and organization of content Essay Example for Free

Selection and organization of content Essay Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives One of the most widely used ways of organizing levels of expertise is according to Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. (Bloom et al., 1994; Gronlund, 1991; Krathwohl et al., 1956.) Blooms Taxonomy (Tables 1-3) uses a multi-tiered scale to express the level of expertise required to achieve each measurable student outcome. Organizing measurable student outcomes in this way will allow us to select appropriate classroom assessment techniques for the course. There are three taxonomies. Which of the three to use for a given measurable student outcome depends upon the original goal to which the measurable student outcome is connected. There are knowledge-based goals, skills-based goals, and affective goals (affective: values, attitudes, and interests); accordingly, there is a taxonomy for each. Within each taxonomy, levels of expertise are listed in order of increasing complexity. Measurable student outcomes that require the higher levels of expertise will require more sophisticated classroom assessment techniques. The course goal in Figure 2student understands proper dental hygieneis an example of a knowledge-based goal. It is  knowledge-based because it requires that the student learn certain facts and concepts. An example of a skills-based goal for this course might be student flosses teeth properly. This is a skills-based goal because it requires that the student learn how to do something. Finally, an affective goal for this course might be student cares about proper oral hygiene. This is an affective goal because it requires that the students values, attitudes, or interests be affected by the course. LEVEL OF EXPERTISEDESCRIPTION OF LEVELEXAMPLE OF MEASURABLE STUDENT OUTCOME Table 1: Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for Knowledge-Based Goals 1. KnowledgeRecall, or recognition of terms, ideas, procedure, theories, etc.When is the first day of Spring? 2. ComprehensionTranslate, interpret, extrapolate, but not see full implications or transfer to other situations, closer to literal translation.What does the summer solstice represent? 3. ApplicationApply abstractions, general principles, or methods to specific concrete situations.What would Earths seasons be like if its orbit was perfectly circular? 4. AnalysisSeparation of a complex idea into its constituent parts and an understanding of organization and relationship between the parts. Includes realizing the distinction between hypothesis and fact as well as between relevant and extraneous variables.Why are seasons reversed in the southern hemisphere? 5. SynthesisCreative, mental construction of ideas and concepts from multiple sources to form complex ideas into a new, integrated, and meaningful pattern subject to given constraints.If the longest day of the year is in June, why is the northern hemisphere hottest in August? 6. EvaluationTo make a judgment of ideas or methods using external evidence or self-selected criteria substantiated by observations or informed rationalizations.What would be the important variables for predicting seasons on a newly discovered planet? LEVEL OF EXPERTISEDESCRIPTION OF LEVELEXAMPLE OF MEASURABLE STUDENT OUTCOME Table 2: Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for Skills-Based Goals PerceptionUses sensory cues to guide actionsSome of the colored samples you see will need dilution before you take their spectra. Using only observation, how will you decide which solutions might need to be diluted? SetDemonstrates a readiness to take action to perform the task or  objective Describe how you would go about taking the absorbance spectra of a sample of pigments? Guided ResponseKnows steps required to complete the task or objectiveDetermine the density of a group of sample metals with regular and irregular shapes. MechanismPerforms task or objective in a somewhat confident, proficient, and habitual mannerUsing the procedure described below, determine the quantity of copper in your unknown ore. Report its mean value and standard deviation. Complex Overt ResponsePerforms task or objective in a confident, proficient, and habitual mannerUse titration to determine the Ka for an unknown weak acid. AdaptationPerforms task or objective as above, but can also modify actions to account for new or problematic situations You are performing titrations on a series of unknown acids and find a variety of problems with the resulting curves, e.g., only 3.0 ml of base is required for one acid while 75.0 ml is required in another. What can you do to get valid data for all the unknown acids? Organization Creates new tasks or objectives incorporating learned onesRecall your plating and etching experiences with an aluminum substrate. Choose a different metal substrate and design a process to plate, mask, and etch so that a pattern of 4 different metals is created. LEVEL OF EXPERTISEDESCRIPTION OF LEVELEXAMPLE OF MEASURABLE STUDENT OUTCOME Table 3: Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for Affective Goals ReceivingDemonstrates a willingness to participate in the activityWhen Im in class I am attentive to the instructor, take notes, etc. I do not read the newspaper instead. RespondingShows interest in the objects, phenomena, or activity by seeking it out or pursuing it for pleasureI complete my homework and participate in class discussions. ValuingInternalizes an appreciation for (values) the objectives, phenomena, or activityI seek out information in popular media related to my class. OrganizationBegins to compare different values, and resolves conflicts between them to form an internally consistent system of valuesSome of the ideas Ive learned in my class differ from my previous beliefs. How do I resolve this? Characterization by a Value or Value ComplexAdopts a long-term value system that is pervasive, consistent, and predictableIve decided to take my family on a vacation to visit some of the places I learned abo ut in my  class. To determine the level of expertise required for each measurable student outcome, first decide which of these three broad categories (knowledge-based, skills-based, and affective) the corresponding course goal belongs to. Then, using the appropriate Blooms Taxonomy, look over the descriptions of the various levels of expertise. Determine which description most closely matches that measurable student outcome. As can be seen from the examples given in the three Tables, there are different ways of representing measurable student outcomes, e.g., as statements about students (Figure 2), as questions to be asked of students (Tables 1 and 2), or as statements from the students perspective (Table 3). You may find additional ways of representing measurable student outcomes; those listed in Figure 2 and in Tables 1-3 are just examples. Blooms Taxonomy is a convenient way to describe the degree to which we want our students to understand and use concepts, to demonstrate particular skills, and t o have their values, attitudes, and interests affected. It is critical that we determine the levels of student expertise that we are expecting our students to achieve because this will determine which classroom assessment techniques are most appropriate for the course. Though the most common form of classroom assessment used in introductory college coursesmultiple choice testsmight be quite adequate for assessing knowledge and comprehension (levels 1 and 2, Table 1), this type of assessment often falls short when we want to assess our students knowledge at the higher levels of synthesis and evaluation (levels 5 and 6).4 Multiple-choice tests also rarely provide information about achievement of skills-based goals. Similarly, traditional course evaluations, a technique commonly used for affective assessment, do not generally provide useful information about changes in student values, attitudes, and interests. Thus, commonly used assessment techniques, while perhaps providing a means for assigning grades, often do not provide us (or our students) with useful feedback for determining whether students are attaining our course goals. Usually, this is due to a combination of not having formalized goals to begin with, not having translated those goals into outcomes that are measurable, and not using assessment techniques capable of measuring expected student outcomes given the levels of expertise required to achieve them. Using the CIA model of course development, we can ensure that our curriculum, instructional methods, and classroom assessment  techniques are properly aligned with course goals. Note that Blooms Taxonomy need not be applied exclusively after course goals have been defined. Indeed, Blooms Taxonomy and the words associated with its different categories can help in the goals-defining process itself. Thus, Blooms Taxonomy can be used in an iterative fashion to first state and then refine course goals. Blooms Taxonomy can finally be used to identify which classroom assessment techniques are most appropriate for measuring these goals. Attachment: Blooms Taxonomy of Educational Objectives [PDF, 67 KB] Website: Field-tested Learning Assessment Guide (FLAG): Assessment Primer.

Jake - Original Essay -- Papers

Jake - Original Essay I pushed off onto the ice; whoosh! I felt alive. I looked around at children laughing and falling, young lovers skating round and round, hand in hand. I turned to see Jake gliding toward me, a look of boyish glee on his face. I smiled and took his out-stretched, gloved hand in mine. We lapped the frozen lake together in synchrony, talking, laughing and generally showing off, when Jake decided to show me, and everyone else on the opaque ice, what he was made of. He sped off, jumping and twisting like half of Torville and Dean, receiving many admiring glances as he landed, sure-footed, back on the ice. "Bet you can't beat that!" he laughed across to me, his heavy breathe coming out cloudy in front of him. I couldn't ignore a challenge like that. I flew across the ice as though I had sprouted wings, oblivious to the cheers and shouts around me. I jumped, twisted, pirouetted and twirled elegantly, breathing in the sweet, pine-scented air. Torville was always the better half of the skating partnership. I skated back toward Jake, a triumphant smile flitting across my face. All at once the ice gave way beneath me; I didn't even have time to scream before a chasm opened up, swallowed me whole and the freezing water surrounded me. A memory flashed; this had happened before. I was only six then but the same fear I had then burned through my mind and numbed my body. I pushed upward, but my sodden clothes pulled me under; down, down. I tried to kick the heavy boots off my numb feet and pushed one last time. My outstretched fingers hit solid ice. I clawed and desperately clutched at the ice trying to find the... ...e drugs out of my stomach. Mum crying again and angry at me for so selfishly wanting to waste my life in this way. Not that I cared then, but that was then and this is now. Waking up in the hospital once again, I felt the weight of depression that had pulled me down, like my clothes and boots under the ice, had lifted from me. I knew nothing would ever replace Jake and that my life would never truly be whole without him in it but somehow, some way after two close encounters with death I had seen a light and realised that life was a precious gift not to be wasted. It was different leaving the hospital with mum this time, knowing I was going home to start afresh. This time, instead of calling Jake, I went to say goodbye carefully putting all the things he had given to me in the box before sliding it under my bed.

Marketing a New Product Internationally Essay

Marketing is the field which deals with market. By defining the meaning, market is a place where people gathered and contact with one another, build relationship between two, in broad terms after the globalization world become a village and in this global business era marketing is the system of globalized promotional activities of a business which take place to achieve the organizational and financial goals The circle of marketing revolved around the market demands, product development, and reasonable proportion which can learned to instigate a market research that clarify the needs and demands of customer. Although focal process for a product promotion is market research, relying on that a producer can easily plan and develop his product well crafted, innovated, according to the socioeconomic factors, reflect the social and cultural ethics and will meet the consumer demands. Target Market and Product Information: Defining marketing on macro-level; the macro-level marketing is extremely challenging for an organization to market their product â€Å"Unique TV† internationally even branded by Philips, especially in Indian market which is a multi-cultural society have many social and religious boundaries, but economically emergent country and have great potential and competition in electronic media which create a huge space for television industry as well as competition. Marketing of a television product that is extraordinary and modern with built-in fingerprint scanner, and an innovative crafts of modern technology, the exceptional fingerprint technology allow users to customize the individuals settings, for instance when a person turns the TV on via their fingerprint the individual can set his own customized profile which contains his favourite channels, recordings etc. It is also ideal for parental control, parents can set the TV to only display the channels they choose for their Childs individual fingerprint as well as the time they allow their child to watch TV. But the perceived quality, emotional constructs, and a particular justification of the purchase can only impact the customer’s decision to purchase a brand. Target Market, Society and Culture: Before the satellite and cable network Indian had only one state owned channel broadcast, but after the influx of satellite and cable network a huge expansion in the electronic media industry has been witnessed, as well as great competition established in the television products. By determining broadly the rapid growth of Indian television industry since inception to expansion the social practices, including politics and democracy, sport and identity formation, cinema and popular culture has influenced on the daily lives of Indians. Today the electronic media cater immense involvement in the social and cultural lives of Indians, as well as India become a very potential market for the innovative and modern television products. Local Economic Development: India has traditional economy largely based on village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, modern industries, and a massive amount of services. The emerging sector of Indian economy is service sector which has expended remarkably in last decade. But a large force of human resource has attached with the agricultural economic activities, this sector retains the backbone of the Indian economy. Foreign direct investment is increasing especially in the telecommunication and information technology sector, but the privatization of government owned industries and entities is still debateable in the government avenues. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1997, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. India achieved 8. 5% GDP growth in 2006, and again in 2007, significantly expanding production of manufactures. Software industry is the emergent sector of Indian economy; government is capitalizing on the human resource especially English literacy for a competent force to raise the exports of software products and services to western world. This economic growth facilitates India to reduce the fiscal deficit, but the boom in speculative real state business and increased interest rates have influenced the inflation in 2006 to 2007. But a huge problem facing by India is growing population. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2008) Regional Economic Development: Asian economy comprises on the 4 billion people living in 46 different states (60% of the world population). Asia is largest continent of the world and six fourth stats of the world lie in Asia with world’s second largest economy China. The wealth and economic activities of Asia are distributed in different states of Asia as others; which is because of its large size and multiple state’s differing cultures, environments, historical ties and government systems. In term of nominal GDP the large economies in Asia are Japan, China, India, and South Korea. By measuring the economically Asia pertains China, the second larges economy in the world by nominal GDP, to Cambodia one of the poorest. The GDP of china in term of purchasing power parity to be the largest economy in Asia and the second largest economy in the world, followed by Japan and India as the world’s third and fourth largest economies respectively. Market Competition: As Indian retains the third largest economy of the world, and massive social and cultural influence on the television industry generates enormous competition in the television industry. India now producing diversity of television products locally, as well as international products is also there. With these competitive forces it is very hard for a new product to attract the audience, but not as much hard for a product with some extra ordinary and exceptional features, to mesmerize and accomplish the needs of the users. As compare with the other products the new and innovative product â€Å"Unique TV† can make a difference, because of its fingerprint scanner which can help the user to control and customize the profile of every individual. After the creation and deep study of international and regional scenario the producer and marketer follows second challenge to market the product with new scientific methodologies, which can effectively get the quick and excellent response of the customer. Brand Marketing: There are enumerated factors that affect the buying intentions of customers as quality of services, equity, perceived value, satisfaction, past loyalty, perceived cost of changing supplier and brand perception. Most of them variables are inter-related and they impinge upon customer purchase behaviour cumulatively. High quality products can be created without input from marketing. However, in practice, it has been established that products that make market success received market or customer research support. There are several determinants that contribute to the success of a brand. The ideas of brand marketing lead to the recognition of the research as being based on consumer perception. This leads to the question if different ethnic backgrounds impact the consumer perception of the brand strategies. Marketing Methodologies: Questionnaire Survey:- The survey questionnaire was chosen for its cost effectiveness. The telephone questionnaire allows for a sample population to be easily reached with responses documented and easily dissected using data entry and statistical analyzing methods. Because of their widespread use, questionnaires are non-confrontational to the sample population and do not force opinions or options, allowing for accurate and viable responses to be gathered with little bias or influence from the researchers or complicated research equipment. The questionnaire development will take into consideration possible defects in the question distribution and has made all attempts to use common language and word organisation that is not technical or industry based with the hopes to remove the larger concerns in relation to comprehension and cognition. However, it is important to note that in any research methodology that is dealing with human responses to qualitative or quantitative questions remains the possibility of language bias. Advertisement:- Advertising is any paid form of no personal presentation of ideas, products, or services by an identified sponsor. Most advertising media are mass media: e. g. newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards, etc. Thus rather than transmitting messages to one buyer, most ads communicate to thousands or even millions of buyers: this makes each contact for less expensive than personal sales presentation. Sales Promotion:- Like personal selling and advertising, sales promotion stimulates consumer buying and middlemen’s effectiveness, but with a wide variety of means. Sales promotion tactics are expected to supplement salespeople and advertising to make them more effective. Retail store window displays, product sampling, premium offers, and coupons are all examples of sales promotion. In contrast personal selling and advertising, many sales promotions are non-continuing, such as exhibits at fairs or contests. Manufacturers and retailers have substantial control over their sales promotions. Publicity:- In contrast to â€Å"Advertisement†, â€Å"Publicity† may be defined as any â€Å"Unpaid† form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services. Personal selling advertising and sales promotional are all direct forms of promotion, whereas publicity is indirect: a firm cannot just go out and buy it. Publicity has been defined as non-personal stimulation of demand for a product, service, or business firm by planting commercially significant news about it in communications media. Some publicity about companies and brands is of course not solicited by sellers: indeed, it may even be negative. Conclusion: In brief we have reached on the conclusion that the most important activity in the business and to promote a brand is marketing. From above literature, it can be stated that marketing in general is based on the consumer’s perception of the brand, regional and local economical factor, social and cultural manners and the methodologies applied to market the product. The perceived quality, emotional constructs, and justification of the purchase impact the customer’s decision to purchase a brand. This research demonstrates that market research cater foci point of marketing strategy, then identifying the organizational and product’s potentials for the effective product understanding, the marketing consultant and organization should analyze the product strengths and weaknesses to cover it with appropriation. To determine the supply and demand identify the main competitors, and craft a good and competitive piece of product which can compete according to the economical and technological factors prevailed in the market. Then the identification of distribution options is to be the major decision to market the product, a great establishment of distribution channels will pertains a great proportion in successful marketing of a product. Marketing and advertisement campaigns play pivotal role in the success of any product. However, a significant amount of money, time and resources have to place behind marketing to the ethnic (or minority) â€Å"masses† and that was many years on the making when an organization advocated for that initiative, that too was looked upon as radical. Coming off the heels of that accomplishment, painting the picture of a viable affluent ethnic consumer might be easier. Ultimately, relevant, comprehensive and actionable insight will lead to informed business decisions and the implementation of marketing best practices. If the world has changed so must a brands attitude and actions towards marketing to new target audiences.

Rasurel Case Study

Then Erasure started to sell swimwear during the second half of the 20th century. In 1966, Legacy (lingerie brand) bought Erasure and transformed It in Its swimwear Dillon. Erasures business has ever since remained focused on swimwear products. During the sass and sass, Erasure positioned itself as a fashion and trend-setting brand. The new management team appointed In the mid sass had a bad Impact on Erasure's business : the lack of Innovation and a poor International strategy led to decreasing market shares and set up the switch in the perception of the brand.In the mid sass's, Warrant group (US) bought Legacy and Erasure (who were in a bad position at hat time but once more the new management team (especially the designers) didn't follow the right strategy : they gave Erasure a sporty style, thereby worsening the switch in the perception of the brand. So, what happened in 15 years ? The lack of innovation and creativity, the inability to update designs made Erasure switch from a f ashion and trendy brand in the sass to a mature woman brand at the beginning of the 21 SST century.Erasure conducted marketing research that confirmed the new perception of the brand : old-fashioned, lack of vibrancy, and matronly. The more surprising is the fact that some key factors of success of Erasure are still there with customers perceiving the brand as being reliable, of high quality, and comfort. So, It's not only a problem of perception for the brand. What else can be the source of Erasure's decline ? Financial statements show that Erasure's business could operate more efficiently and profitably * despite a growth of 4% of the swimwear market, Erasure's sales decreased In 2002 so Erasure should definitely change Its marketing strategy and address the Issue of distribution channels. Without going further Into details, what an Erasure do ? Basically, there are 2 main options for the management team : reposition the brand towards the younger lingerie-like segment or reinforce its ‘OFF position In ten mature woman segment 2.I en swimwear market The French swimwear market comprised of the five segments : Catatonic, Beach Gang, Lingerie-Like, Elegant Mature Woman, Jet Set. The Catatonic segment encompassed woman who wanted one-piece swimwear for its functional use in swimming or other sports whereas the Beach Gang wanted two piece swimwear based on brightly colored surf themes: In the lingerie like segment omen wanted feminine floral pieces in modern cuts and bright colors.Elegant Mature woman well supported one pieces with elegant cuts and colors. The Jet Set woman wanted a sexy cut that emphasized the body and incorporated the current high fashions. Main Brands Based on the brand strengths and alliance with Legacy, we feel there is opportunity to enter additional segments to grow their business.

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, ethos is a persuasive appeal (one of the three artistic proofs) based on the character or projected character of the speaker or writer. Also called  ethical appeal or ethical argument. According to Aristotle, the chief components of a compelling ethos are goodwill, practical wisdom, and virtue. As an adjective: ethical or ethotic. Two broad types of ethos are commonly recognized: invented ethos and situated ethos.  Crowley and Hawhee observe that rhetors can invent a character suitable to an occasion- this is  invented ethos. However, if  rhetors  are fortunate enough to enjoy a good reputation in the community, they can use it as an ethical proof- this is  situated ethos (Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004). Pronunciation EE-thos Etymology From the Greek, custom, habit, character Related Terms IdentificationImplied AuthorLogos and PathosPersonaPhilophronesisPhronesis Examples and Observations A Universal Appeal Everyone makes an appeal to ethos if only an ethos of choosing never to stoop to such matters as ethos. No speech with intent is non-rhetorical.  Rhetoric is  not everything, but it is everywhere in  the speech of human  arguers. (Donald N. McCloskey, How to Do a Rhetorical Analysis, and Why. New Directions in Economic Methodology, ed. by Roger Backhouse. Routledge, 1994) Projected Characters Im not a doctor, but I play one on TV. (1960s TV commercial for Excedrin)I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service- I earned every cent. And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination  because people have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got. (President Richard Nixon, news conference in Orlando, Florida, November 17, 1973)It was a highly inconvenient thing for them in our debates that I was just a country boy from Arkansas and I came from a place where people still thought two and two was four. (Bill Clinton, speech at the Democratic National Convention, 2012)If, in my low moments, in word, deed or attitude, through some error of temper, taste, or tone, I have caused anyone discomfort, created pain, o r revived someones fears, that was not my truest self. If there were occasions when my grape turned into a raisin and my joy bell lost its resonance, please forgive me. Charge it to my head and not to my heart. My head- so limited in its finitude; my heart, which is boundless in its love for the human family. I am not a perfect servant. I am a public servant doing my best against the odds. (Jesse Jackson, Democratic National Convention Keynote Address, 1984) Contrasting Views The status of ethos in the hierarchy of rhetorical principles has fluctuated as rhetoricians in different eras have tended to define  rhetoric in terms of either idealistic aims or pragmatic skills. [For Plato] the reality of the speakers virtue is presented as a prerequisite to effective speaking. In contrast, Aristotles Rhetoric presents rhetoric as a strategic art which facilitates decisions in civil matters and accepts the appearance of goodness as sufficient to inspire conviction in hearers...The contrasting views of Cicero and Quintilian about the aims of rhetoric and the function of ethos are reminiscent of Platos and Aristotles differences of opinion about whether or not moral virtue in the speaker is intrinsic and prerequisite or selected and strategically presented. (Nan Johnson, Ethos and the Aims of Rhetoric. Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse, ed. by Robert J. Connors, Lisa Ede, and Andrea Lunsford. Southern Illinois University Press, 1984) Aristotle on Ethos If Aristotles study of pathos is a psychology of emotion, then his treatment of ethos amounts to a sociology of character. It is not simply a how-to guide to establishing ones credibility with an audience, but rather it is a careful study of what Athenians consider to be the qualities of a trustworthy individual. (James Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Allyn and Bacon, 2001)Fundamental to the Aristotelian concept of ethos is the ethical principle of voluntary choice: the speakers intelligence, character, and qualities comprehended by goodwill are evidenced through invention, style, delivery, and likewise incorporated in the arrangement of the speech. Ethos is primarily developed by Aristotle as a function of rhetorical invention; secondarily, through style and delivery. (William Sattler, Conceptions of Ethos in Ancient Rhetoric. Speech Monographs, 14, 1947) Ethical Appeals in Advertising and Branding Some types of oratory may rely more heavily on one type of proof than another. Today, for example, we note that a great deal of advertising uses ethos extensively through celebrity endorsements, but it might not use  pathos. It is  clear from Aristotles discussion in Rhetoric, however, that, overall, the three proofs work in conjunction to persuade (see Grimaldi, 1972). Moreover, it is equally clear that ethical character is the lynchpin that holds everything together. As Aristotle stated, moral character . . . constitutes the most effective means of proof (1356a). An audience is just not likely to respond positively to a speaker of bad character: His or her statement of premises will be met with skepticism; he or she will find it difficult to rouse the emotions appropriate to the situation; and the quality of the speech itself will be viewed negatively. (James Dale Williams, An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric. Wiley, 2009)On its face, personal branding as reputation managemen t shares some basic traits with the ancient Greek concept of ethos, which is commonly understood as the art of convincing ones audience that one is prudent or exercises good judgment (phronesis),  is of good moral character (arà ªte), and is acting with good will toward ones audience (eunoia). Historically, scholars of rhetoric have seen the basis of persuasion as a speakers capacity to understand and tailor ones message according to the complexities of social situations and human character. Ethos, broadly speaking, is understood as the rhetorical construction of a speakers character. (Christine Harold, Brand You!: The Business of Personal Branding and Community in Anxious Times. The Routledge Companion to Advertising and Promotional Culture, ed. by Matthew P. McAllister and Emily West. Routledge, 2013) Ethical Proof in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal The specific details by which Swift builds up the ethical proof fall into four categories descriptive of the projector: his humanity, his self-confidence, his competence in the immediate subject of the proposal, and his reasonableness...I have said that the projector is a bit cocksure. He is also manifestly humble and modest. The proposal is a modest one. It is introduced in generally modest terms: I SHALL NOW therefore humbly propose my own thoughts ...; I do humbly offer to public consideration. . . . Swift has blended these two qualities of his projector in such a way that both are convincing and that neither quality overshadows the other. The result is a pleader whose humility is justifiably tempered by the sure knowledge that he has something to offer Ireland, to her everlasting benefit. These are the explicit indicants of the moral character of the pleader; they are reinforced and dramatized by the whole tone of the essay. (Charles A. Beaumont, Swifts Classical Rhetoric. Univer sity of Georgia Press, 1961)

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College

4 Common Questions About How to Vote in College With so much else to juggle while in college, you may not have thought much about how to vote. Even if its your first election or going to school means you live in a different state, figuring out how to vote in college can be relatively simple.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ I Live in One State but Go to School in Another. Where Do I Vote? You can be a resident of two states, but you can only vote in one. So if youre a college student who has a permanent address is in one state and lives in another to attend school, you can choose where you want to cast your vote. Youll need to check with your home state or the state your school is in for more details on registration requirements, how to register and, of course, how to vote. You can generally find this information through a states Secretary of State website or  the board of elections. Additionally, if you decide to vote in your home state but are living in another state, youll probably need to vote absentee. Make sure you allow yourself enough time to receive - and return - your ballot through the mail. The same goes for changing registration: While a few states offer same-day voter registration, many have firm deadlines for registering new voters before an election.   How Do I Vote in My Hometown Election If Im Away at School? If, say, you live in Hawaii but are in college in New York, chances are you arent going to be able to head home to vote. Assuming you want to remain a registered voter in Hawaii, youll need to register as an absentee voter and have your ballot sent to you at school. How Do I Vote in the State Where My School Is? As long as youve registered to vote in your new state, you should get voter materials in the mail that will explain the issues, have candidate statements and say where your local polling place is. You may very well vote right on your campus. If not, theres a pretty good chance that a lot of students at your school will need to get to the neighborhood polling place on Election Day. Check with your student activities or student life office to see if they are running shuttles or if there are any carpooling initiatives involved for reaching the polling place. Lastly, if you dont have transportation to your local polling place or wont be able to vote on Election Day for some other reason, see if you can vote by mail.   Even if your permanent address and your school are in the same state, youll want to double-check your registration. If you cant get home on Election Day, you either need to vote absentee or consider changing your registration to your school address so you can vote locally. Where Can I Get More Information on the Issues That Affect College Students? College students are a critical - and very large - voting constituency who are often at the forefront of political activism. (Its not an accident presidential debates are historically held on college campuses.) Most campuses have programs and events, put on by campus or local political parties and campaigns, that explain different candidates views on certain issues. The internet is full of information on elections but put in the effort to seek out credible sources. Look to non-profit, non-partisan organizations for details on election issues, as well as quality news sources and political parties websites, which have information on initiatives, candidates, and their policies.

Marketing Planning and Strategy LASA2 (Marketing Plan)2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy LASA2 (Marketing Plan)2 - Assignment Example On the other hand, the company enjoys other opportunities which it has been able to make good use of to make BMW among the most powerful market share holders in the world. In analyzing both the strengths and weaknesses within the marketing strategy of the company, proposals are made on the possible ideal practices that would improve the quality of products and expand the market of the companys products. BMW is among the leading producers of cars of premium standards within the automotive industry. The company is distinguished from the rest by its unique design, luxurious and high quality approach of its products (Curnow, 2007). The company has been subjected to a healthy competition from other market actors, especially in the form of low-price substitutes, which is the biggest threat to the company’s products. However, BMW has often demonstrated strength in the financial results hence retaining much of its shares in the market. This paper aims at analyzing the BMW marketing strategy, the strengths and weaknesses of such practices in its quest to maintain relevance in the flooded automotive market (Evans, 2008). In addition to this, the paper proposes the probable changes that could enhance the efficiency of the company as far as adapting to the current market dynamicity is concerned, as evident through the current mix in the market. BMW is one of the most coveted and strong manufacturers of cars in the world. The company boasts of a strong financial performance as compared to its competitors, which has undoubtedly enhanced the loyalty level among its customers (Papasolomou and Kitchen, 2011). It is on this basis that the company has been often ranked as one of the companies with high customer satisfaction indexes in the world. While many large manufacturers of cars struggle with the unstable market, which has led to fall in the sales, profit and market shares, BMW continues to enjoy expansion and growth in its motor production (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and